Thursday, June 11, 2015

India armed, trained, financially sponsored LTTE terrorists and Sri Lankan Tamil Militants

India armed, trained, financially sponsored LTTE terrorists and Sri Lankan Tamil Militants
Posted on July 28th, 2013

Shenali D Waduge

The Jain Commission confirms so, Dixit confirms it, India’s intelligence does not deny it, memoirs of former officials give details, Tamil Nadu leaders have accepted it and there are enough of affidavits to prove that on the explicit orders of India’s government it applied the replica of the Bangladesh strategy by organizing clandestine training camps in India numbering over 30 bases to train Sri Lankan militants well before 1983 the oft used reason for India’s interference in Sri Lanka. Pretending to maintain cordial relations with Sri Lanka and clandestinely running training camps to train terrorists like LTTE to create mayhem in Sri Lanka while supplying arms to them puts India in no position to be claiming it is a friend of Sri Lanka or even the Tamils. If creating Bangladesh and Sikkim was of national interest to India and not allowing Khalistan and Tamil Nadu Eelam Homeland out of national interest shows India’s cunning.
Were 1980s LTTE killings under India instructions?
The 1983 July riots said to have been caused as a response to the LTTE killing of 13 soldiers remains a very contentious topic even 30 years later. It was the first time that a large number of military personnel had been slaughtered in one go and was a shock to not only the families of the deceased but a shock to the military itself. Aware of its own limitations in military hardware Sri Lanka was unaware that India had not only been training LTTE and other militant groups but had also been arming them and financially supporting them as well. This means that whatever weapons, ammunition and even LTTE targets had to have been with the explicit knowledge and even instructions of India and its intelligence agencies who were handling them.
We cannot also rule out that India’s intelligence agency and these trained militants could have also been part of the mischief of the 1983 riots because in reviewing the rampage and plunder of homes that took place it is totally out of context to conclude that only Sinhalese Buddhists committed these offenses – this is far from the truth which is why we continue to say that the Sinhalese were not part of the July riots as is being portrayed. Why have the Tamils not come forwarded to say that they were protected and kept in the homes of the Sinhalese?
The first batch of Tigers were trained in Establishment 22 based in Chakrata, Uttarakhand, India.
“The second batch, including LTTE intelligence Chief Pottu Amman, was trained in Himachal Pradesh. Velupillai Prabakaran himself visited the first and the second batch of Tamil Tigers to see them training. Eight other batches of LTTE were trained in Tamil Nadu.” The training was imparted by former Indian army personnel who provided Tamil militant youth training in arms handling, swimming, boat driving, handling of light machine guns, handling transport vehicles, guerilla warfare, boat driving and physical training. India cannot claim ignorance or profane insult if we wonder how many of the LTTE atrocities committed on Sri Lankan civilians – bus bombings, slaying of moderate Tamil leaders and politicians, claymore mine attacks, assassinations and even suicide missions may have been designed and instructed by India with LTTE simply carrying out orders? To think that the manner LTTE slaughtered innocent villagers including pregnant mothers and children asleep was planned by India should make India feel ashamed.
In this scenario India cannot blame us for also wondering if the assassination on Mayor Alfred Duraiappah and shooting down of Tamil policemen was also planned and plotted by India. Generally, the initial years the student is always at the mercy of its teacher and we can safely say that the student decided to part ways with India only after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in 1991.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMdU4Hm7tkU (Indian Army and RAW train LTTE)
While we hold LTTE responsible for 30 years of brutal killings we can but wonder how many of these initial murders were on the suggestion and planning of India with LTTE and other Tamil militants simply carrying out orders because they were being trained, they were being supplied arms and they were being financed by a country that claims to be Sri Lanka’s friend. It was far later that LTTE learnt the ropes and set up its own clandestine network running ships and other nefarious activities once it became masters of the art which India had taught them.
Therefore if we look back at the LTTE atrocities prior to 1991, Sri Lanka has every right to hold India directly responsible and accountable for the deaths that occurred though even post-1991 for all the suffering that Sri Lanka went through India cannot escape blame and no amount of superfluous statements coming from Indian Premier, its high commissioners or other officials can change the perception of what India has done to Sri Lanka. No amount of diplomatic or PR tamashas can ever change the fact that Sri Lanka does not trust India and will never trust India. A country that clandestinely gathers youth, takes them under their stewardship, trains them, provides arms, financially supports and instructs them to destabilize a nation is a cowardly nation and does not deserve to become a superpower. What national security threat does Sri Lanka a country of 20million people pose to India a country of 1.2billion people? Incidentally, the IPKF operation was known as “Operation Cactus” and it certainly proved a thorn to India with over 1200 Indian soldiers being killed as a result of the very arms India had supplied and the training retired Indian army had taught the LTTE while Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated by a woman who had been raped by the IPKF!
We are ashamed of what India has done. Just as we demand compensation from the colonials who plundered our nation for hundreds of years it is time India compensated for every loss of life that LTTE terrorists committed because LTTE and Prabakaran would not have become as ruthless as they did if not for India’s milking them and instructing them to kill the civilians of its neighboring nation and to destabilize Sri Lanka so that it would be always running to India for assistance.
The RAW and the Ministry of External Affairs are provided Rs 25 crore annually as “discretionary grants” for foreign influence operations.
The US District Court in Baltimore sentenced Lalit H Gadhia, a naturalised US citizen of Indian origin, to three months imprisonment after he confessed to being the conduit between the Indian Embassy and Indian-American organizations that used funds to influence US law makers. Over $46,000 from the Indian Embassy was distributed among 20 Congressional candidates. Gadhia’s source was Devendra Singh, a RAW official assigned to the Indian Embassy in Washington. These funds had been given to Democratic candidates including Sens. Charles S. Robb (D-Va.), Paul S. Sarbanes (D -Md.) and Reps. Benjamin L. Cardin (D-Md.) and Steny H. Hoyer (D-Md.) in 1995.
We next wonder how far India is influencing Sri Lanka’s lawmakers and political parties?
India’s premier can make Tamils the masters of their destiny in Tamil Nadu not Sri Lanka
When Prime Minister Manmohan Singh informs Chief Minister J Jayalalithaa that New Delhi will work towards ensuring that Tamils are “masters of their own destiny within framework of a united Sri Lanka.” All we need to say is Jayalalitha is the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, an Indian State. She has no business in Sri Lanka. Yes, the Tamil Nadu Tamils have been demanding for a separate Tamil Homeland in Tamil Nadu far before the same quest took off in Sri Lanka, therefore if India wishes to ensure “Tamils are masters of their own destiny” India must rightly create that scenario in Tamil Nadu and not Sri Lanka as it did in Bangladesh and Sikkim.
Sri Lanka’s leaders need to know the history of the LTTE and India’s role to ensure that India does not have any stake in Sri Lanka and already the large number of stakes given to India must not go beyond a specific term that does not run into hundreds of lease years and with a clause that every deal can be re-scrutinized if Sri Lanka’s national security is ever at risk of Indian incursion. However, our leaders have made grave errors in tying deals with India in areas of communication, power and energy supply, pharmaceuticals, oil refinery, tea and when a country can create mayhem using LTTE have our leaders not thought of what India can do using all the current stakes India has been given?
If we blame previous leaders for the folly that the current leadership has to suffer the same criteria applies so that future leaders will not have to suffer another Indian terrorist chapter of a different and far more dangerous capacity.

16 Responses to “India armed, trained, financially sponsored LTTE terrorists and Sri Lankan Tamil Militants”

  1. Mr. Bernard Wijeyasingha Says:
    What this article points out is the nature of India’s foreign policy. It has effectively been used to annex Sikkim, divide Pakistan and almost succeed in doing the same with Sri Lanka. These acts are not based on being mean or horrible but pragmatic. Seizing Sikkim gave India a strategic location regarding China, Bhutan and Nepal. Dividing Pakistan cut that nation’s power in half and by that increased India’s power against Pakistan. Regarding Sri Lanka India needed the unfettered access to the Indian ocean. Had her plans worked eventually New Delhi would have placed her own leaders in Eelam and by that got control of the harbor of Trincomalee which would have given India one of the world’s largest harbors and access to the shipping lanes that go by Sri Lanka. It would have also cut the power of Sri Lanka by more than half.
    The lesson to be learnt is that India is still continuing on this path with Sri Lanka. Having failed to divide Sri Lanka by using military methods she is now using diplomatic methods to achieve Eelam. That is why New Delhi is silent on the resurrection of TESO, continues to interfere regarding the “plight” of Sri Lankan Tamils, and has not lifted a finger regarding the new funding of LITE. She will continue to do this as long as Colombo is pliable and shows a weak front.
    Now that this newspaper has reported the foreign policy of India and her long term purpose for Sri Lanka it is a simple act of being equally pragmatic. It is pragmatic to negate the 13th amendment if for no other reason than that India wants it implemented. It is pragmatic to make Sri Lanka a Buddhist nation recognized by the state. It is pragmatic to increase the presence of the military in all areas that would have made Eelam and increase the Singhalese Buddhist population in those areas as well. It is also pragmatic to expose India by demanding that those who were engaged in training the Tamil Tigers to commit acts of genocide to terror in Sri Lanka be brought to justice in the international courts. Failure of which would mean that all agreements made to the UNHRC will be suspended till all parties who were engaged in the violation of human rights are brought to justice.
    According to this article Indians have been engaged in subterfuge against Sri Lanka long before the war started and because of this subterfuge contributed to the civil war and those people in India should be brought to justice no matter how high on the political ladder they are. If the international community who most likely know every word stated in this article continue their double standards then more drastic actions should be taken.
    What would be beneficial to Sri Lanka regarding India? the answer is an India that has an internal problem of such proportions that it takes priority over dividing Sri Lanka. Start supporting the Maoists. Train them in the same manner RAW did with the Tamil Tigers. Join with Pakistan and China to cause as much internal turmoil within India and especially in Tamil Nadu. If India accuses Sri Lanka then close India’s embassy.
    These points are radical in nature and could back fire as India’s proxy war did. But no to do anything while India continues her attempts to form Eelam is even worse. As pointed by this article India is doing this while calling Sri Lanka a “friend”. That is also being done by Pakistan and China to India while they call India a “friend”. Time to learn and engage India with her own problems till she backs off or comes to a stalemate. It is now quite obvious that the war for Eelam did not end with a military victory and SIS needs to do everything within her power to take on RAW and all the while keep smiling and call India a “friend”
  2. Mr. Bernard Wijeyasingha Says:
    Second point: India is too large and powerful to be negated from outside. Only more powerful nations like China or Russia have that strength. But Sri Lanka can negate India from within. It is imperative to engage the Maoists for it may result in two things. One is that the Maoists will get more outside help. They are already receiving it from China. Secondly RAW will find out that Sri Lanka is engaged and if New Delhi even dares tell Sri Lanka or the world of Sri Lanka’s role with the Maoists what better time to expose India’s role in Sri Lanka’s civil war as the reason? India has to be punished and punished to the point that Sri Lanka had to suffer. The UN will not do this so it will be up to her neighbors to do this or face an arrogant India who thinks she can do anything she wishes and get away with it. Such an action is both pragmatic and bold. \
    I did not give any reason why it is pragmatic for Sri Lanka to acknowledge her Buddhist heritage for by doing so her Constitution can be charted according to Buddhist principles and not according to Western Secularist policies which seem to be helping the Tamil forces against a unified Sri Lanka. A Buddhist Sri Lanka can impose regulations on some aspects of Hinduism that should be actively banned such as the Caste system forcing high caste Tamils to accept the legitimacy of the low caste Tamils to live the life God gave them. It will also cut the power of the Hindu Tamils who then would prefer a land that does not interfere with their Hindu practices.
  3. Lorenzo Says:
    I agree with BW on destabilizing Endia from within.
    SL MUST help Pakistan, China, Islamic terrorists in Endia, Endian Mujahiddin, Maoists, Tamil nationalists in TN, Kalistan movement, etc. That will keep Endia occupied.
    When Endia feels the threat of BREAKING APART they will not help it in SL.
    My enemy’s enemy is my friend.
  4. Lorenzo Says:
    Lessons for SL from Israel.
    The Israeli cabinet has backed a bill that requires any peace deal with the Palestinians to be put to a referendum.
    “Any agreement which may be reached in negotiations will be put to a referendum,” said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office as quoted by AFP. “It is important that on such historic decisions every citizen should vote directly on an issue deciding the country’s future.
    The referendum bill is seen as a goodwill gesture to right-wing members of the government who might oppose concessions Israel could have to make within the peace process negotiations – including giving up land.
    Netanyahu has said that he is firmly supportive of the idea of a referendum.
    Peace with our neighbors requires peace among ourselves, and the way to ensure this is through a referendum,” the PM stated.”
    – RT
    OMG!!
    How true!
    Peace with our neighbors requires peace among ourselves, and the way to ensure this is through a referendum,” the PM stated.”
  5. Hiranthe Says:
    It is now very clear that defeating LieTTE is just the tip of the Iceberg.
    Thank you again for giving a detailed report on it Senali.
    Our biggest problem is Endia which is still showcasing her as our true friend despite doing all those damages. When will our leaders understand this? Cairns Endia is spending more money on Oil explorations in Mannar basin it seems… but where is this oil? Are they discovering oil deposits on our account so that Endia can draw the oil from it’s territory… there is something wrong going on here…. But our people just believe what Endians say…. you cannot trust them…. Or otherwise our officials looking after it have been bribed by Raw….
    We must at lease learn now from the bitter lesson learnt for 30 years…..
    MR is now busy thinking of PC elections… not in getting rid of them.. He may have a different plan… hopefully. We still can trust GOTA of not doing anything harmful for mother Lanka… May be MR’s plan is to get their party to win the PC election and then dissolve the PC system… who knows… then less crying from TNA and Endia….
  6. Lorenzo Says:
    “Cairns Endia is spending more money on Oil explorations in Mannar basin it seems… but where is this oil?”
    So the secret is getting out!!
    That is a BIG LIE SL govt. has used to fool SL people. There is NO OIL in Mannar. Endia is digging the Sethu canal.
  7. S.Gonsalkorale Says:
    True. TNA, power devolution nonsense, self determination bulls–t etc. are just diverting the attention to dig the canal and kill the China-Hambantota factor.
  8. Mahinda Wickramarathne Says:
    Jndia has not stopped its bad habit, will arm the Tamils agaian
  9. cw Says:
    Can I please add my two words of appeal to Endia. “f##k off”.
  10. Senevirath Says:
    S.L govt should follow Israel P.M for 13A
    WILL THAT HAPPEN?
  11. thurai Says:
    India want to safegurd Hindu monopoly. Tamil Politicians in SL and Tamilnadu want Family monopoly.
    Both play with life of Tamils in Sri Lanka and distrubing peace in SL. We have to destroy the Roots of Terrorism.
    LTTE was only one Face of Terrorism.
  12. Susantha Wijesinghe Says:
    SENEVIRATH ! NO. Our Politicians are bloody scared.
    Top to bottom Corruption Swell,
    All Parliamentarians have Skunk Smell
    In servility, they kneel before Indian Hogs,
    Funny, they also roll and beg like dogs.
  13. Fran Diaz Says:
    Here’s the sequence of events for Lanka :
    Colonisation > Cold war politics in the region > de-stabilisation of Lanka for Cold War purposes > aftermath still simmering with 13-A & Tamil Separatism. Tamil Separatism rode on the back of the Cold War. The Cold War is now over, finished.
    Best thing to do now that the core of the Cold War is over, remove the 13-A via a Referendum. Tamil problems are in Tamil Nadu. Navi Pillai ‘institutionalised discrimination’ is in Tamil Nadu, not in Lanka. Sri Lanka does NOT have Scheduled Castes or any such group – those are in Tamil Nadu. All have the same rights in Lanka. In fact, the Tamils people of Lanka have done better than the others in some education & socio/economic sectors.
  14. S.Gonsalkorale Says:
    Fran,
    I don’t know – we all talking about removing 13A.
    The biggest industry in Sir Lanka is the political industry. PCs have increased the industry size by four fold. MR is riding on this industry. PCs are compulsory for him to distribute money to his cohorts. Therefore as long as he is there, PCs will be there. Without PCs industry will be only 25% of current size. How can we expect the people like Silvas, Kudu kings support removal of 13A ? Even if we had a referendum 13A supporters may not loose. In Lanka , people do not care about getting rid of PCs. Politikkos are fooling people.
  15. S.Gonsalkorale Says:
    PCs make Lanka another sakkili land
    MR play the lead trumpet in the PC band
    Robbing the country they enjoy Louis Vuitton
    Like blood sucking leaches cowards live on
  16. S de Silva Says:
    Thanks Shenali for listing out these facts for the umpteenth time. Sadly those having the power to do anything on the subject, and interested others, already know the facts on what you have written. Look at what has so far happened though – hardly anything!. What is required as the first thing is to tell India is that If Tamils want an Independent Tamil State, that cannot be in Sri Lanka but in the State of Tamil Nadu the birthplace of the Dravidian race The Separate Tamil State is not just now quite openly demanded by the Tamils in SL but that demand is always BEHIND all the Tamil claims. But have we ever formally said that to India. Not a bloody word to India on that. Only shameful and servile appeasement. We have not even said that formally to the TNA and force legally the TNA to comply absolutely with the SL Constitution. So much for all bravado of the Sinhalayas – shame!- S de Silva – London

Wednesday, June 10, 2015

REIGN OF TERROR, 1986-1990

REIGN OF TERROR, 1986-1990 (PART VII)

WHILE RAJIV GANDHI DROPS ‘PARIPPU’ JVP ATTACKS SLAF BASES

Tamil Nadu fishermen loading relief items on to boats bound for Sri Lanka’s North.
By the middle of 1987 the military campaign to liberate Vadamarachchi in the North from the LTTE was successfully moving ahead under the commands of Denzil Kobbekaduwa, Wijaya Wimalaratne and Gerry de Silva. Participating in the battle were 4,300 soldiers equipped with the latest weapons.
National Security Minister Lalith Athulathmudali gave political leadership to “Operation Liberation” which completely freed the Vadamarachchi area from the Tigers on June 3, 1987. While the operation was in progress the then Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. G. Ramachandran met Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi on May 28, 1987 and complained that Sri Lanka’s military offensive was depriving the Northern Tamils of fuel and medicine and consequently some people were dying. He demanded that the Indian Government take immediate action against Sri Lanka and also obtained permission from the Indian PM to transport relief items from Tamil Nadu by sea to the North of the island.
On the night of June 2, 1987 All India Radio announced that the Tamil Nadu Government was taking steps to send 25 boat loads of rice, powdered milk, canned food and medicines for the Tamil people in the North. The news bulletin also said that 94 persons including Indian and foreign journalists and Red Cross representatives were to be sent as observers.
Despite the vehement opposition of the SL Government and the people 19 boats left the Rameshwaram Port and entered Sri Lanka’s territorial waters on June 3 at 6.00 p.m. The Sri Lanka Naval personnel on board the vessel ‘Edithara’ stopped the Tamil Nadu boats from moving any further on the orders of the Northern Naval Commander Mohan Samarasekera. The officer commanding ‘Edithara’ was Captain Suraj Munasinghe. Minister Athulathmudali and Joint Operations Commander Cyril Ranatunge were in radio communication with the Navy.
z_p11-While-Rajiv02.jpg
An Indian plane that transported relief items
After waiting at sea for three-and-a-half hours, the Tamil Nadu boats left at 9.30 p.m. On June 3 and 4 the Indian High Commission requested all Indian citizens residing in Colombo to leave their homes and move into hotels. Thereafter in a tit-for-tat operation Indian Air Force dropped food parcels and other relief items by air on June 4 at 3.15 p.m. because Sri Lanka had not allowed the Tamil Nadu boats to enter her territorial waters. The Indian government had informed of this to Sri Lanka’s High Commissioner in India Bernard Tillekeratne only at 2.30 p.m. less than one hour before the airdrop.
Indian airdropping of relief items
President Jayewardene summoned Army, Navy and Air Force Commanders and ordered them not take any retaliatory action against the Indian airdropping of relief items. The Indian Air Force had deployed five AN 32 transport planes carrying 25 tons of relief items from its Yelahanka base in Bangalore for this purpose. Four MIG fighter jets escorted the transport planes in this mission which was called ‘Operation Pumalai.’
Boxes carrying relief items were dropped by parachute over the Jaffna Peninsula. The airdrop ceased at 5.30 p.m. One transport plane also carried 17 Indian media personnel and 18 reporters as observers from Reuters, BBC, AFP and other news agencies. This operation, which violated Sri Lanka’s sovereignty, aroused the anger and strong condemnation of Sri Lankans.
During this period foreign media was keen on reporting events in Sri Lanka. In addition to Reuter Correspondent Dalton de Silva, Andrew Tanovsky reported from Sri Lanka saying there were country-wide slogans demanding ‘Death to J.R.’ and that people were saying they would throw stones at him and kick him out of power.
On June 17 Sri Lankan Foreign Minister A.C.S. Hameed met Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Foreign Minister Natwar Singh and reached an agreement. Accordingly without Sri Lanka making a request India sent 681 tons of food and medicine by the Indian ship ‘Island Pride’ which called at the Kankesanthurai Harbour. The Sri Lanka government took steps to distribute the items through Cooperatives in the North.
z_p11-While-Rajiv03.jpg
Ranil Royal founder-President of the DJV Students Wing (top photo) who was killed while trying to escape in a car after taking part in the attack on the SLAF base Katunayake and the men who directed the attack (from Left): Chief Planner Saman Piyasiri alias Mendis Mahattaya, Shelton Rajapaksa alias Ragama Somay and Air Force Technician Siripala.
It was the Indian airdrop which compelled the Sri Lankan government to halt the planned military offensive to recapture Jaffna scheduled for the middle of June. All military operations in the North ceased as a result. Minister Athulathmudali was pushed into the background and Minister Gamini Dissanayake came to the forefront.
The JVP had a clear vision since the late 1960s not only of rise of armed Tamil militancy but also of a very possible Indian invasion. The Indian airdrop proved in the eyes of the people that the JVP was correct. The party had already launched an extensive campaign since the end of 1986 to warn Sri Lankans about a Indian occupation. Some of the JVP’s slogans those days were, “J.R. gone mad – People on alert”, “Let’s not allow Sri Lanka to be made India’s 26th Province” and “Kill J.R.” The patriotic struggle the JVP launched in 1986 was mainly to oppose Indian intervention but developed a stgrongly anti-government stance in the process.
Since J.R. did not give the armed forces permission to retaliate against the Indian airdrop or take any other effective action, the JVP announced that a strong response was needed to the Indian intervention. It was a good opportunity to intensify the armed activities of the Deshapremi Janatha Vyaparaya (Patriotic People’s Movement or DJV) which was the JVP’s armed wing.
Provincial Council system
The JVP claimed that they were the only force which could resist the “illegal, treacherous UNP Government, armed Tamil separatism and Indian invasion.” Three days after the Indian airdrop – on June 7, 1987, the DJV launched two armed attacks on the Katunayake Sri Lanka Air Force Base and the Kotalawala Defence Academy, Ratmalana, sending shock waves in the country.
These two operations were planned by Mendis Mahattaya, a Kelaniya University Graduate and member of the JVP politburo. A resident of Ganemulla, his real name was Sellapperuma Saman Piyasiri Fernando alias Keerthi Wijebahu, head of the DJV and chief of the JVP’s armed wing.
The attacks were led by Siripala and Shelton Rajapaksa alias Ragama Somay.
A resident of Kotugodawatte, Siripala was an air force technician. Ragama Somay was a resident of Koswadiya, Gampaha. Although both were taken into custody for questioning, they escaped. They were wanted in connection with a bomb attack on Inspector Tissa Kudahetti, OIC of the Seeduwa Police Station.
The DJV cadres which attacked the Katunayake SLAF Base first met at the ground near the Negombo Prison on June 4, 1987 at 5.00 p.m.
They were divided into four groups. At 7.30 p.m. they were taken in a van to a house at Negombo. Altogether 31 persons gathered there. Mendis Mahattaya briefed them on the country’s political situation and the proposed Provincial Council system. He said that the Indian airdrop would be followed by a land invasion and therefore it was the DJV’s duty to oppose it.
The following day (June 5) too, they remained in the same house. On June 6, at 10 p.m. Mendis Mahattaya said that they should attack the Katunayake air force base and seize weapons to prepare for the Indian invasion. Showing the attackers a hand-drawn map he briefed the attackers on the operation before taking them in a lorry and dropping them off at a by-lane behind the SLAF base.
The operation began soon afterwards. The weapons seized after overpowering air force personnel were transported in hijacked jeeps. Some of the insurgents returned to Colombo by bus leaving Negombo at 4.00 a.m. Three of the attackers had been killed in action. Those who failed to escape were taken into custody. One airman had died in the attack.
Among the three insurgents killed were Ragama Somay and the founder-President of the DJV Students Wing and Kariyapperuma Athukoralage of the Jayawardenapura University Ranil alias Ranil Royal.
On June 7 the DJV issued a statement accepting responsibility for the attacks on the Katunayake SLAF base and the Kotalawala Defence Academy to seize arms. The DJV argued since the weapons were not being used for defence of the motherland against the Indian aggressor patriots should make use of them. It was reported that the insurgents had seized fourteen T-56 firearms, 53 submachine guns, two light machine guns, six pistols and 3300 bullets. This operation increased the JVP’s popularity and caused great admiration for the party among anti-government and anti-Indian groups.
In the meantime plans were underway for a Indo-Lanka Accord with the intervention of Indian Government’s Intelligent Service RAW (Research and Analysis Wing). President Jayewardene had given his unstinting support and blessings for this. The persons involved in this task were Indian High Commissioner in Sri Lanka Jyotindranath Dixit, Co-Editor of The Hindu N. Ram and Minister Gamini Dissanayake.
(The writer is a senior journalist who could be reached at ejournalists@gmail.com

Tuesday, June 9, 2015

ලක්දිව හැඳින්වූ විවිධ නාම මෙසේ ය

ලක්දිව වූ කලී ඉතා දිගු ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ඉතා සුන්දර දිවයිනකි. යටත් පිරිසෙයින් පුරා සියවස් විසිපහක් පමණ (එනම් වසර 2500 ක් පමණ) වූ එම කාල පරිච්ඡේදය තුළ ලොව විවිධ ජාතීන් විසින් විවිධ භාෂාවලින් ලක්දිව හැඳින්වූ විවිධ නාම බොහොමයකි. ඒවා අතුරෙන් වර්තමානයේ දී විද්‍යාමාන වන විවිධ නාම (සිංහල අකාරාදියට අනුව) විමර්ශනය කිරිම මේ ලිපියේ මුඛ්‍ය පරමාර්ථය වේ.

භූගෝලීය සාධක

ලක්දිව ප්‍රධාන දූපතකින් හා ඒ අසල පිහිටි කුඩා දූපත් කීපයකින් යුක්ත ය. එය දකුණු ආසියාවේ පිහිටි විශාලතම දූපත ද වන්නේ ය. උතුරු අක්ෂාංශ 5.55’ - 9.51’ යන නැඟෙනහිර දේශාංශ 79.42 - 81.52 අතර ඉන්දියානු අර්ධද්වීපයට දකුණින් එයින් වෙන්ව ඉන්දියානු සාගරයෙහි කේන්ද්‍රස්ථානයෙහි පිහිටා ඇත. ලක්දිව ඉන්දියාවෙන් වෙන්වී ඇත්තේ කි.මී. 32 ක් පමණ වූ පටු මුහුදු තීරයකිනි.
ලක්දිව ප්‍රාග් ඉතිහාසය වර්ග කිරීමට අනුව
. ප්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික යුගය (Pre History)
. මුල ඓතිහාසික යුගය (Proto History)
. මුල් ඓතිහාසික යුගය (Early History)
. මධ්‍යම ඓතිහාසික යුගය (Middle History)
. අපර ඓතිහාසික යුගය (Post History)

ලක්දිව ප්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික ජනාවාස බිහිවීම

ලක්දිව ප්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික ජනාවාස බිහිවිම පිළිබඳව ඉපැරණිතම සාධක හමුවන්නේ උතුරු දිසාවෙන් පිහිටි ඉරණමඩු පස් සැකැස්මේ බොරළු ටෙරසය තුළිනි. මෙහිදී වඩාත් නිශ්චිත ලෙස වාර්තාවූ සාධකවලට අනුව ගල් ආයුධ (මෙවලම) අදින් වසර 1, 25,000 ක් පමණ ඈත අතීතය කරා දිවයන බව පෙන්වා දී ඇත.
එනමුත් ආචාර්ය ශිරාන් දැරණියගල මහතා විසින් බුන්දල මුතුරාජවෙල හා වැල්ලේගන්ගොඩ යනාදී ස්ථාන ඇසුරු කරගනිමින් කරන ලද විද්‍යානුකූල පුරාවිද්‍යා කැනීම් මගින් සොයාගනු ලැබූ මානව කෘතික සාධකවලට අනුව යට කී ස්ථානවල ආදි මානවයා ජීවත් වූ කාලය අදින් වසර 2,50, 000 ක් දක්වා ඈත අතීතයක් කරා දිවයන බවට විශ්වාස කෙරේ. පුරා ශිලා යුගය නොඑසේ නම් පැලියෝලිතික යුගය (Paliolitic Era) නියෝජනය කරන්නා වූ වසර 2,50,000 ක් පමණ ඉපැරණි ගල් ආයුධ (මෙවලම්) භාවිතා කළ මානවයා බොහෝ විට හෝමෝහැබිලිස් (Homo Habelis) මානවයා විය හැකි බවට අනුමාන කෙරේ.
එසේම බුන්දල මිහිහාගලකන්ද හා උස්සන්ගොඩ යනාදී ස්ථානවලින් වාර්තා වී ඇති අදින් වසර 1,25,000 ත් 75000 අතර කාල වකවානුවට අයත් වන ගල් ආයුධ (මෙවලම්) භාවිතා කළ මානවයා බොහෝ විට හෝමොඉරෙක්ටස්(Homo Erectus)  මානවයා විය හැකි බවට අනුමාන කෙරේ. මෙකී පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක සාධක මඟින් තහවුරු වන්නේ ලක්දිව මුල් ම ජනාවාස කරණයේ ආරම්භය ඉතා ඈත අතීතයක් කරා දිව යන බවයි.
මධ්‍යතනය ශිලා යුගය නොඑසේ නම් මෙසොලිතික යුගයේ (Mesolitic Era) දී මානව ජනාවාස ගතතොරතුරු මෙරට බොහෝ ස්ථානවලින් හමුවී ඇත. ඉන් අදින් වසර 34000 ක් පමණ ඈත අතීතයක් කරා දිවයන මානව අවශේෂ බුලත්සිංහල පාහියන් ලෙනින් හමුවී ලක්දිව සාධක සහිත තහවුරු වී ඇති ඉපැරණිතම ජනාවාස සාධකය වේ.
මෙයට අමතරව කුරුවිට අසල බටදොඹ ලෙන (එනම් වසර 28500 ක් පමණ), අම්බලන්ගොඩ බෙල්ලන්බැදිපැලැස්ස ලෙන (එනම් වසර 14,000 ක් පමණ) කිතුල්ගල බෙලිලෙන (වසර 13000 ක් පමණ) කෑගල්ල අත්තනගොඩ අලු ලෙන (එනම් වසර 10500 පමණ) යනාදී ලෙන් තුළින් ලංකාවේ ආදිතම ජනාවාස පිළිබඳව ද්‍රව්‍යාත්මක සාධක හමුවී ඇත.

ලක්දිව ආර්ය ජනාවාස බිහිවීම

ක්‍රි.පූ. 6 වෙනි සියවසේ දී පමණ උතුරු ඉන්දියාවේ සිට ලක්දිවට සංක්‍රමණය වූ ආර්යයන් මෙරට තුළ ජනාවාස පිහිටුවා ගැනීම ලක්දිව ඉතිහාසයේ ආරම්භය ලෙස සාමාන්‍යයෙන් සලකුණු ලැබේ. මේ ආර්ය ජනාවාසවල ආරම්භය නිශ්චිත වශයෙන් කාල නිර්ණය කිරීමට උගහට ය. යටකී අන්දමින් ක්‍රි.පූ. 6 වෙනි සියවසට පෙර ආර්යයන් මෙරටට සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇතැයි කියා අනුමාන කළ හැකි වන අතර එතැන් පටන් සියවස් ගණනාවක් යනතුරු ම සිදුවූ සංක්‍රමණයන් හේතු කොටගෙන යටකී ජනාවාස ක්‍රමික ව මෙරට තුළ ව්‍යාප්ත විය.
ලක්දිව ආර්යය ජනාවාස පිහිටුවීම හා එහි ව්‍යාප්තිය පිළිබඳ ව විමර්ශනය කරනු වස් මහාවංශයේ එන තොරතුරුත් ඉපැරණි බ්‍රහ්මි සෙල්ලිපිත් (එනම් යාල අභය භූමිය, සිතුල්පව්ව, බෝවත්තේගල යනාදී ස්ථානවලින් හමුවී ඇති බ්‍රහ්මි සෙල්ලිපි වලින්) මහත්සේ මහෝපකාරී වේ.
ඒ අනුව ගංගා මිටියාවත්වලට ආසන්නව ජනාවාස පිහිටුවා ගන්නට ඔවුන් පෙලඹුණු බව පැහැදිලි වන ලක්ෂණයකි. එකී ගංගා අතර මල්වතු ඔයට (මහා වංශයට අනුව කාදම්භ නදී) ප්‍රධාන තැනක් හිමි විය. එනම් මල්වතු ඔය මුවදොරට ආසන්නව පිහිටි මහාථිත්ත හෙවත් මාන්තායි නම් වූ පැරණි වරායෙන් මෙරටට ගොඩබට ආර්යයෝ මල්වතු ඔය මිටියාවත ඔස්සේ රජරට උතුරු දිසාවට පැමිණියහ.
ඉක්බිතිව ඔවුන් විසින් මල්වතු ඔය අසබඩ ඉදිකරගන්නා ලද ප්‍රධාන ජනපද දෙකකි අනුරාධගාම හා උපතිස්සගාම. මෙයට අමතරව ඔවුහු ගිනිකොණ දිසාවෙන් වූ කුඹුක්කන් ඔය, කිරිදිඔය හා මැණික් ගඟ ඇසුරු කර ගනිමින් තව තවත් ජනපද පිහිටුවා ගනිමින් තම ජන ව්‍යාප්තිය වර්ධනය කරගන්නට උත්සුක වූහ.

ලක්දිව හැඳින්වූ විවිධ නාම මෙසේ ය.
1. ආමු ද්වීප
2. ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය
3. ඉළංගෙයි
4. ඉළංදු
5. ඉළනාර
6. ඊළ
7. ඊළාම් (මෙය දමිල භාෂාවෙන් ලක්දිව හැඳින්වූ නාමයයි)
8. ඕජදීප
9. කසිගෝ
10. කේට් ලංකා
11. කෙයිලෝන්
12. චල (අරාබි භාෂාවෙන්)
13. චිංකලෙයි (දමිළ භාෂාවෙන්)
14. තනසරිම්
15. තපරවාන්
16. තබර්ඛාන්
17. තම්බපණ්ණී
18. තම්බපණ්ණී ද්වීප
19. තම්තබීන්
20. තඹපැන් ද්වීප
21. තැප්‍රොබේන් (ග්‍රීක - රෝම යන භාෂාවලින්)
22. තාර්සිස්
23. තාමුදීප්
24. තිලක (රුහුණු පිහිටි මායා බෙදීම මුල්කොට ගෙන භාවිතා විය)
25. ත්‍රී සිංහලය (ඉහත බෙදීම හා බැදේ)
26. තේහු හොයිගෝ (බුරුම භාෂාවෙන්)
27. දසඛණ්ඩි රාජ්‍ය
28. දිල්මුන්
29. දශෂිර : පුර
30. පරවාන් ද්වීප
31. පලාංකොට්
32. පළේසිමන්දු
34. ජැසිරාත් - අල් යකුත් (අරාබි භාෂාවෙන්)
35. ජම්බු ද්වීප (පාලි භාෂාවෙන්)
36. මණ්ඩ ද්වීප
37. මණ්ඩු ද්වීප
38. රත්න ද්වීප (ලක්දිව මැණික් ලොව ප්‍රකට බැවින්)
39. රත්නදීප
40. රාවණපුර
41. රාවණ ද්වීප
42. රාක්ෂ ද්වීප
43. රාක්ෂ පුර
44. රකියුප්
45. රුවන්දීප
46. ලංකා (හෙළ භාෂාවෙන්)
47. ලංකා ද්වීප
48. ළක
49. ලක්දිව
50. වරදීප
51. පිති ක්වෝ (චීන භාෂාවෙන්)
52. ශ්‍රී ලංකා (වර්ෂ 1972 ජනරජ
ව්‍යවස්ථාවෙන් ඉක්බිතිව)
53. සග සස්දිව්
54. සයිලන්තු (මලයාලම් භාෂාවෙන්)
55. සලිස්
56. සළිකේ
57. සාලයික්
58. සින්දු
59. සිමන්ඩා
60. සීමන්ඩාදු
61. සිරිලක (හෙළ භාෂාවෙන්)
62. සිසිල
63. සිහලද්වීප
64. සිලිදිව්
65. සිලොන් (ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාවෙන්
66. සිංගල් දිව්
67. සිංගලම් (දමිළ භාෂාවෙන්)
68. සිංහලය
69. සිංහල ද්වීප
70. සිලන්
71. සිහලදිව්
72. සිහලාන් ද්වීප
73. සිහොලේ (පාලි භාෂාවෙන්)
74. සිගෝ (බුරුම භාෂාවෙන්)
75. සිලාන් (අරාබි භාෂාවෙන්)
76. සුපර් චාන් (තායි භාෂාවෙන්)
77. සෙයිලාන්
(පෘතුගිසි භාෂාවෙන්)
78. සෙයිලාන් දිවන්
79. සෙරන්දිබ් (අරාබි භාෂාවෙන්)
80. සෙන්කියා (චීන භාෂාවෙන්)
81. හෙලන්දු
82. හෙල ද්වීප
83. හෙල දෙරණ
84. හෙළය
85. හේලිකේ
86. පෙලෙයිසිමන්ඩා
87. පරවාන් ද්වීප
88. පෙරදිග ලෝකයේ ධාන්‍යාගාරය

ජපානය ජපනුන්ගේ රටනම් සිංහලේ සිංහලුන්ගේ රටයි.

ඇමරිකාව ඇමරිකානුවන්ගේ රටයි. ජපානය ජපනුන්ගේ රටයි. චීනය චිනුන්ගේ රටයි. රුසියාව රුසියානුවන්ගේ රටයි. සිංහලේ සිංහලුන්ගේ රටයි. සිංහලේ රට(ceylon...